STRUCTURE
The structure section contains
sentences that test your knowledge of important structural and grammatical
elements of standard written English. These sentences include a variety of
topics and give no particular advantage to individuals in any specific field of
study.
1.
PRONOUNS
pronoun is a pronoun. the subject
pronoun, the pronoun has a function as the subject.
Example :
She has ....... there for three years
a. stayed
b. stay
c. staying
d. will
stay
The answered is ( A )
2.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Adjective clauses (relative
clauses) are like "sentences inside sentences." The "job"
of adjective clauses is to modify(describe, identify, make specific) the
noun phrases that they follow. In their full forms, adjective clauses have
several parts: arelative pronoun (or, in some cases, another kind of
connecting word), a subject, and a predicate (a verb and, often,
other types of words which follow it).
Example :
Her english is ......
a. look
b.
fluent
c. fluently
d. too
The answered is ( B )
3.
ADVERBS
you can use some of the adjectives that
can be converted into an adverb by adding -ly
Example :
He .... the book slowly
a. reading
b. reads
c. eat
d. kick
The answered is ( B )
4.
NOUN CLAUSES
A noun clause is a dependent
clause that can be used in the same way as a noun or pronoun. It can be
a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect
object, or object of the preposition. Some of the words that
introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what,
how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. Notice that some of these
words also introduce adjective and adverb clauses. (To check a noun clause
substitute the pronoun it or the proper form of the
pronouns he or she for the noun clause.)
Example :
I don’t have .... money to go to the
cinema
a. many
b. much
c. more
d. most
The answered is ( B )
5.
GERUND
This looks exactly the same as
a present participle, and for this reason it is now common to call both
forms 'the -ing form'.Howeverit is useful to understand the
difference between the two. The gerund always has the same function as a noun
(although it looks like a verb).
Example :
My sister can ...... cheescake very nice.
a. making
b. make
c. maked
d. To
make
The answered is B
6.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
We use the simple
present tense to talk about regular or habitual actions.
For most verbs in the simple present
tense, you must add an "s" to the end of the verb for he/she/it,
as in, "Devan hates the holidays." However, for some verbs, you
have to add es forhe/she/it, as in, "She watches a lot
of TV," or, "He misses his mom." So how do you know
when es is necessary? One rule to remember is that any verb ending
in ch, sh or ss needs an es, not s,
for he/she/it. For the other pronouns, i/you/we/they, regular verbs
simply take the basic verb form.For example, "Iplay basketball,"
or, "We love watching movies." And remember, you can always
put an always in front of a simple present verb to indicate that
something happens all the time.
· POSITIVE
+ TO BE
SUBJECT + TO BE
(am/is/are) + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB OF PLACES
· NEGATIVE
+ TO BE
SUBJECT + TO
BE + NOT + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB OF
PLACES
· QUESTIONS
TO
BE + SUBJECT + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB OF
PLACES?
Example :
A bird ..... to the sky
a. flew
b. flown
c. fly
d. flies
The answered is ( D )
7.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The present continuous tense is formed
from the present tense of the verb be and the present participle
(-ing form) of a verb.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + TO BE
(am/is/are) + VERB-ing
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + TO
BE + NOT + VERB-ing
· QUESTIONS
TO
BE + SUBJECT + VERB-ING?
Example :
they
....... (to be/play) football.
a. is
play
b. are
playing
c. is
playing
d. are
play
The answered is ( B )
8.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect of any verb is
composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to
have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past
participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived,
looked.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS
+ VERB-3
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + VERB-3
· QUESTIONS
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB-3?
Example :
She has .... been to australia.
a. never
b. ever
c. have
not
d. since
The answered is ( A )
9.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
This tense is used to talk about an action
or actions that started in the past and continued until recently or that
continue into the future.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS
+ BEEN + VERB-ING
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN +
VERB-ING
· QUESTIONS
HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERB-ING?
Example :
The students have .... english
a. studied
b. study
c. studies
d. the
study
The answered is ( A )
10.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The simple past tense is used to talk
about finished actions that happened at a specific time in the past. You state
when it happened using a time adverb
You form the simple past of a verb by
adding -ed onto the end of a regular verb but, irregular verb forms
have to be learnt.
· POSITIVE
+ TO BE
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB
OF PLACES
· NEGATIVE
+ TO BE
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB
OF PLACES
· QUESTIONS
WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + ADJECTIVE/NOUN/ADVERB
OF PLACES?
Example :
Mother .... friedrice two days ago.
a. cook
b. cooking
c. cooked
d. have cook
The answered is ( C )
11.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
The past continuous tense is
an important tense in English. We use it to say what we were in the middle of
doing at a particular moment in the past.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + TO BE
(were/was) + VERB-ing
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + TO
BE + NOT + VERB-ing
· QUESTIONS
TO
BE + SUBJECT + VERB-ING?
Example :
She .... (was/were wash) her dresser
when you phoned her.
a. was
cleaning
b. Were
clean
c. Were
cleaning
d. Was
clean
The answered is ( A )
12.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense is used to show
that one action in a sentence finishes before a second action begins. Words
likebefore and after are indicators that the past perfect tense
may be used; however, there are no strict rules for this situation. You must
choose the best verb tense for your sentence.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + HAD
+ VERB-3
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + VERB-3
· QUESTIONS
HAD + SUBJECT + VERB-3?
Example :
They had ..... their house before you
reached
a. leave
b. lent
c. left
d. is
leave
The answered is ( C )
13.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The past perfect continuous tense
indicates a continuous action that was completed at some point in the past.
This tense is formed with the modal "HAD" plus "BEEN," plus
the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending).
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + HAD
+ BEEN + VERB-ING
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + BEEN +
VERB-ING
· QUESTIONS
HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERB-ING?
Example :
They had been ... before their parents
came
a.
leaving
b. left
c. to leave
d. the leaving
The answered is ( A )
14.
FUTURE TENSE
There are several different ways in
English that you can talk about the future.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL +
VERB-1
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + NOT +
VERB-1
· QUESTIONS
WILL/SHALL + SUBJECT + VERB-1?
Example :
They .... the work in may.
a. finished
b. will
finish
c. finishing
d. will finished
The answered is ( B )
15.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
The future continuous relates one action
in the future to another specific action or time.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL
BE + VERB-ING
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + NOT + BE + VERB-ING
· QUESTIONS
WILL/SHALL + SUBJECT + BE
+ VERB-ING?
Example :
Father will be .... new car the day
after tomorrow.
a. bought
b. buying
c. the
buy
d. are
buying
The answered is ( B )
16.
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
The future perfect tense indicates that
an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some
point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus
"have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be either
regular or irregular in form): "I will have spent all my money
by this time next year. Iwill have run successfully in three marathons if
I can finish this one.”
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + HAVE
+ VERB-3
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + WILL/SHALL + NOT + HAVE +
VERB-3
· QUESTIONS
WILL/SHALL + SUBJECT + HAVE + VERB-3?
Example :
When yo come tomorrow, i .... prepared
the material of meeting.
a. will
had
b. shall
have
c. shall
had
d. will
The answered is ( B )
17.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use the Future Perfect
Continuous tense to express situations that will last for a specified
period of time at a definite moment in the future. We also use this tense to
express certainty about the cause of some future situation.
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + WILL
+ HAVE BEEN + VERB-ING
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + HAVE BEEN
+ VERB-ING
· QUESTIONS
WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE
BEEN + VERB-ING?
Example :
By march 2014 we .... have been living
in franch for five years.
a. Will
b. Have
c. Shall
d. Had
The answered is ( C )
18.
PAST FUTURE TENSE
Past future tense is a verb form used to
express the events will be conducted in the past but not this time.
The formula:
Positive: S + would + V1
Negative: S + would + not + V1
Question: would + S + V1
Example
:
I ..... be here just now..
a.
would
b.
have
c.
should
d.
shall
The answered is ( C )
19.
PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past future tense continuous tense is
used to express the events that will be being carried out, at a certain time in
the future.
The formula:
Positive: S + would + be + Ving
Negative: S + would + not + be + Ving
Question: Would + S + be + Ving
Example
:
Mother .... (be wash) plates later.
a.
should be wash
b.
would be wash
c.
would be washing
d.
should be washing
The answered is ( C )
20.
PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Past tense is the future perfect tense
is used to express something that's been happening, but it WILL but its
position would have been passed.
The formula:
Positive: S + would + have + V3
Negative: S + would + not + have + V3
Question: would + S + have + V3
Example
:
Mother ..... sewed my t-shirt
a.
Should have
b.
would
c.
should
d. would
have
The answered is ( D )
21.
PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past continuous tense is the future
perfect tense is used to express the events that will be, has been and still
take place in the past, the past. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense about
events or things that would have been taking place in the past.
The formula:
Positive: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negative: S + would + not + have + been
+ Ving
Question: S + would + have + been + Ving
Example
:
My aunt ...... have been .... as typer
for two years by the end of this year.
a.
would,working
b.
should, working
c.
would, work
d.
should, work
The answered is ( A )
22.
WILL AND TO BE GOING TO
A very confusing concept is when to
use WILL and when to use BE GOING TO when we refer the
future. Both refer to the future but there is a slight difference but in most
cases they can be used interchangeably with no difference in meaning. Even if
you misuse them, a native speaker is going to understand you without any
problems.
WILL
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + WILL +
VERB-1
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + WILL + NOT +
VERB-1
· QUESTIONS
WILL
+ SUBJECT + VERB-1?
BE GOING TO
· POSITIVE
SUBJECT + TO BE
+ GOING TO + VERB-1
· NEGATIVE
SUBJECT + TO
BE + NOT + GOING TO + VERB-1
· QUESTIONS
TO
BE + SUBJECT + GOING
TO + VERB-1?
Example :
He
.....cinema with the boyfriend.
a. watched
b. watching
c. Has
watched
d. Will
watch
The answered is ( D )
23.
SO, TOO, NEITHER, EITHER
· SO
SO + AUXILIARY
VERB + SUBJECT
· TOO
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY
VERB + TOO
· NEITHER
NEITHER + AUXILIARY
VERB + SUBJECT
· EITHER
EITHER + AUXILIARY
VERB + NOT + SUBJECT
Example :
they call me last night, .... ?
a. Did
she
b. So
did they
c. He
does too
d. So
was she
The answered is B
TOP TOEFL GRAMMAR STRATEGY ( Silvester
Goridus Sukur)
Smart Way to TOEFL ( Johan H.F. &
Anne Juwita )
